Mitigating the Climate Change: A Review

Abstract

Climate change is characterised as the shift in climate conditions triggered primarily by natural systems and human activity to release greenhouse gases. Anthropogenic emissions have induced around 1.0 °C of global warming over the pre-industrial era so far, and if the existing pollution patterns continue, this is expected to exceed 1.5 °C between 2030 and 2052. The planet witnessed 315 cases of natural disasters in 2018 that are largely climate-related. Around 68.5 million inhabitants were affected and economic damages amounted to $131.7 billion, of which about 93 percent were hurricanes, earthquakes, wildfires and droughts.Economic damages due to wildfires in 2018 alone are almost equivalent to, and is very concerning, the collective losses from wildfires suffered over the past decade. In addition, the most fragile industries under climate assault have been food, water, health, wildlife, human environments and infrastructure. The Paris Agreement was adopted in 2015 with the key goal of restricting the growth in global temperatures to 2 °C by 2100 and of seeking measures to restrict the rise to 1.5 °C. The key methods for climate change mitigation, including traditional mitigation, negative pollution and geoengineering radiative forcing, are examined in this document.